1853 Gold Full Sovereign Victoria London Mint

The 1853 gold sovereign is the sixth date for the Queen Victoria "second head" shield sovereign. This second type of Victoria sovereign was issued from 1848 to 1872, has a slightly larger head in lower relief, and the reverse legends are repositioned. 

There are five variations of the 1853 sovereign:
-> the usual design (raised engraver initials)
-> the usual design (incuse engraver initials) - slighly rarer type
-> an error where the V in VICTORIA has been replaced by an upside down A (raised engraver initials)
-> one which has been over struck with an F over the E in DEF (raised engraver initials)
-> an error where the 1 in 1853 has been replaced incorrectly by a Roman letter I (incuse engraver initials).

For further information about the engravers initials, please see the More Info section below.

See the rest of the 1853 Sovereign Collection.

Until we came to show the Michael A Marsh reference numbers in the listings on this page, we had not realised for some reason that Michael Marsh's book "The Gold Sovereign" only makes passing reference to the fact that some sovereigns in this series have the engraver's initials WW on the truncation of Queen Victoria's neck incuse rather than raised. Spink show these as a separate and distinct variety. You can read more about this variation on our Raised and Incuse WW Initials - A Marsh Anomaly page.

All shield sovereigns from 1838 to 1852 have raised initials, all first type shields from 1856 to 1863 have incuse (cut-in) initials, while the three dates from 1853 to 1855 occur in both varieties. We cannot think why Michael treated both varieties as the same. He states in both the 1980 and 2002 Golden Jubilee editions "These letters also appear incuse on some coins". Michael quite rightly went into great detail on a number of other coins, such as the 1859 Ansell variety which has an almost unnoticeable double ribbon line. Compared with the Ansell, we believe that the incuse WW initial are important enough to be recognised as a distinct and separate sub-type.

In addition to the variations mentioned above there are also coins with errors. These only appear in the coins with initials in relief; one where the V in VICTORIA has been replaced by an upside down A and one which has been over struck with an F over the E in DEF. A proof coin was also struck in 1853 in the incuse variation. This proof coin in FDC achieves high prices. We did not know about the irregularities between William Wyon's initials until we read about them in "The Gold Sovereign" book by Michael Marsh. Shield sovereigns from 1838 to 1852 have raised initials, all first type shields from 1856 to 1863 have incuse (cut-in) initials, while the three dates from 1853 to 1855 occur in both varieties. We cannot think why Michael treated both varieties as the same. He states in both the 198 and 22 Golden Jubilee editions "These letters also appear incuse on some coins". Michael quite rightly went into great detail on a number of other coins, such as the 1856 Ansell variety which has an almost unnoticeable double ribbon line. Compared with the Ansell, we believe that the incuse WW initial are important enough to be recognised as a distinct and separate sub-type.

I had the pleasure and good fortune to have a lengthy telephone conversation with Michael about 6 months before his death. He expressed an intention to publish an updated version of The Gold Sovereign, incorporating research he had done since the publication of the Golden Jubilee edition, and also some material which, although known at the time of publication, he did not feel he had researched sufficiently for publication. He explained that he had not been in the best of health, and was hoping to be able to continue before too long. During the conversation, I formed an intention to try to find time to visit him to discuss sovereigns, and I offered him the use of one of our photographs for the next edition. Sadly none of this came to pass.

Designed by William Wyon, Chief Engraver, the obverse features the second (large) young head portrait facing left of the young Queen at just 18 years old. This larger bust fills more of the area of the coin and shows Victoria's hair held by a double fillet and gathered into a loosely knotted bun. The initials W.W. are set in the truncation. Depending on the variation, the engraver's intials are either raised or incuse.

The inscription reads

VICTORIA DEI GRATIA

and the date (1853) appears below the portrait. 

The reverse of the 1853 sovereign was designed by engraver, Jean Baptiste Merlen. It features the shield design,which is mounted by a crown. It also has a branch of laurel leaves on either side. The branches are tied, with a ribbon in a bow, below the shield.

Beneath this, the reverse displays the thistle, rose and shamrock (symbolising the unity of Scotland, England and Ireland) with a small flower stop on each side.

The inscription reads

BRITANNIARUM REGINA FID: DEF:

completing the monarch's legend, which begins on the obverse.